里歐's 布拉格

Syslog 基本資訊
設定檔：
 /etc/syslog.conf

[[ ZFS基礎管理 ]]
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[磁碟池管理]
1. 檢查磁碟:
# devfsadm
# iostat -En
# format
2. 建立磁碟池:
2-a. 建立mirror:
# zpool create -f -m /zfs/mirror test_pool mirror c0t1d0 c0t1d1 mirror c0t1d2 c0t1d3 spare c0t1d4
2-b. 建立raidz:
# zpool create -f -m /zfs/raidz raidz_pool raidz c0t1d0 c0t1d1 c0t1d2 spare c0t1d3
2-c. 顯示組態而不實作
# zpool create -n test_pool mirror c0t1d0 c0t1d1 mirror c0t1d2 c0t1d3 spare c0t1d4
3. 檢視磁碟池:
# zpool list
# zpool status [-x]
# zpool iostat -v test_pool 5
4. 檢視/設定磁碟池參數:
# zpool get all test_pool
# zpool set autoreplace=on test_pool
5. 匯入/匯出磁碟池
# zpool import [-f] test_pool
# zpool export test_pool
PS. 使用localfile建立pool ( for test only... )
# mkfile 64m /tmp/f1 /tmp/f2 /tmp/f3
# zpool create -f test_pool mirror /tmp/f1 /tmp/f2 spare /tmp/f3
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[檔案系統操作]
1. 建立檔案系統:
# zfs create test_pool/fs1
# zfs create -p test_pool/a/b/c
# zfs create -o mountpoint=/mnt/fs1 test_pool/fs1
2. 檢視/設定ZFS參數:
# zfs get all test_pool/fs1
# zfs set compression=on test_pool/fs1
# zfs set quota=10G test_pool/fs1
# zfs set reservation=1G test_pool/fs1
# zfs set mountpoint=/temp/mirror_dir test_pool/fs1
# zfs set mountpoint=legacy test_pool/fs1           => mount -F zfs test_pool/fs1 /mnt/fs1
# zfs set mountpoint=none test_pool/fs1
3. ZFS快照:
# zfs snapshot test_pool/fs1@20090817
# zfs rollback test_pool/fs1@20090817
# zfs clone test_pool/fs1@20090817 test_pool/fs2
# zfs promote test_pool/fs2
PS.
# zfs set snapdir=hidden|visible test_pool/fs1
4. 時間滑動軸
# svcs -a *auto-snapshot*
系統 -> 管理 -> 時間滑動軸 -> 啟動時間調整器 -> 進階選項 -> 自訂
開啟檔案瀏覽器 -> 復原 -> 移動滾軸
[[ Lab1 ]]
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請建立下列環境:
* 建立一組使用三個硬碟(or slices)所構成的mirror的磁碟池(磁碟池的名稱為mypool), 其中一個硬碟(or slice)必須為hotspare.
* 變更磁碟池的掛載點為/mnt/mypool
* 建立一個mypool/fs1的檔案系統
* 在fs1上建立一個檔案(檔名為f1)
* 將fs1上設定一個快照(快照名為s1)
* 複製(clone)一個檔案系統(檔案系統名為c1)
* 使用promote子指令將c1取代掉f1, 並將c1的檔案系統名變更為f1
[[ 建立簡易NAS系統 smb + nfs + ftp ]]
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[設定SMB client/server]
ref:
http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/820-2429
0. 停用samba server
SMB server 與 samba server不能同時使用. 
所以需先停止samba server.
# svcs *samba*
# svcadm disable svc:/network/samba
# svcadm disable svc:/network/wins
1. 安裝SAMBA
點擊工作列, 系統 -> 管理 -> 套裝軟體管理員
開啟套裝軟體管理員後, 搜尋關鍵字 "smb"
點選套件 "SUNWsmbs, SUNWsmbskr", 點擊上方 "安裝/更新" 圖示
安裝完畢後, 重新啟動server.
# init 6
2. 啟動SMB server, 安裝PAM模組,  並加入WORKGROUP群組,
# svcadm enable -r smb/server
在/etc/pam.conf檔案中加入此行
other password required pam_smb_passwd.so.1 nowarn
註: password指令會自動產生SMB密碼, 但是, 對於已存的使用者, 必須手動在設定一次密碼.
# smbadm join -w WORKGROUP
3. 啟動SMB client
# svcadm enable -r smb/client
4.  建立SMB workgroup使用者/密碼
# pfexec su - (root/opensolaris)
# mkdir -p /export/home
# useradd -m -d /export/home/stanley stanley
# passwd stanley (stanley123)
註: samba密碼將存放在 /var/smb/smbpasswd
5. 設定SMB檔案分享
5-1. 建立ZFS
# zfs create -o casesensitivity=mixed -o nbmand=on rpool/nas
第一個-o告訴ZFS, UINX下區分大小寫, Windows下不分大小寫.
第二個-o告訴ZFS, SMB與NFS的鎖(Locking), ZFS均支援.
5-2. 使用ZFS指令分享檔案
# zfs set sharesmb=name=nas,rw=@192.168.1.0/24 rpool/nas
# smbutil view //stanley[:stanley123]@smb_server, 如果沒有輸入":stanley123", 則會出現密碼確認提示.
5-3. 使用 sharemgr指令分享檔案
建立分享群組
# sharemgr create nasgrp
將目錄加入分享
# sharemgr add-share -s /tmp -d "tmp folder" -r tmp nasgrp
# sharemgr set -P nfs -p anon=0 nasgrp
檢查分享設定
# sharemgr show -vp
6. 連線
a. OpenSolaris
a-1. 使用檔案管理員
位置 -> 連接到伺服器
服務類型: Windows分享
伺服器: smb_server
分享: rpool_share
使用者名稱: stanley
a-2. 使用mount指令
# mount -F smbfs //stanley[:stanley123]@smb_server/nas /mnt
b. Windows
開始 -> 執行
\\smb_server\
7. 查看SMB server的狀態
# smbstat -i
8. 移除分享
# sharemgr remove-share -s /tmp/nasgrp nasgrp
# sharemgr delete nasgrp
# sharemgr show -vp
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[ 設定nfs]
1. 檢查NFS服務
svcs *nfs*
2. 啟動NFS服務
 svcadm enable -r nfs/server
3. 設定NFS分享
4-2. 開啟NFS
# zfs set sharenfs=rw=@192.168.1.0/24,root=@192.168.1.0/24 rpool/nas
# zfs set sharenfs=on pool_name/fs
# sharemgr set -P nfs -p anon=0 nasgrp
4. 取消NFS分享
# zfs set sharenfs=off pool_name/fs
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[設定ftp]
1. 檢查ftp服務
# svcs *ftp*
2. 啟動ftp服務
# svcadm enable ftp
3. 限制使用者連線至ftp server
/etc/ftpd/ftpusers
[[ Lab2 ]]
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建立一個NAS系統:
* 這個系統必須能使用SMB方式與Windows系列的作業系統分享檔案.
* 建立一個SAMBA使用者, 並設定該帳號與作業系統的帳號/密碼結合.
* (延續LAB1)建立一個mypool/samba_share的ZFS檔案系統目錄,
   並將其掛載點設定在目錄/samba_share, 並使其透過zfs指令達成SMB的方式分享目錄內的檔案.
* 使用zfs指令來達成nfs的方式分享檔案.
開啟FTP伺服器.
 

How to install SSH on Solaris 10 x86
UNIX / Linux - Solaris
This guide will show you how to install SSH on Solaris 10 x86 from the Solaris installation DVD.
Mount CD
If you havent enabled the feature that will automatically mount your CDROM drive you will need to mount it using the following commands :
1.mkdir /cdrom

How to Mount a USB Flash Drive
Vinay Krishna, June 2007
These steps for mounting a pen drive are applicable to the Solaris 8, and 9 OS. This tip should also work with Linux (kernel version 2.5 and above).
USB flash drives are named sda1, sda2, and so on, and they are mounted by default in /dev. If sda1 is not the name for your drive, use some type of hardware browser to find the name. Let's assume sda1 needs to be mounted.

Installing Cacti on Solaris HOWTO
=================================
http://forums.cacti.net/about5748.html
================================= 
 
Javier Vidal Postigo, zanaguara at yahoo dot es
 
V0.1, 2004-DEC-09
 
This document explains how to install all the required components by
Cacti on a Solaris host.
 
 
1. INTRODUCTION
 
1.1 Disclaimer
 
Use the information in this document at your own risk. I disavow any
potential liability for the contents of this document. Use of the
concepts, examples, and/or other content of this document is
entirely at your own risk.
                                                                               
All copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted
otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as
affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
                                                                               
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
endorsements.
                                                                               
You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before
major installation and backups at regular intervals.
 
1.2 Software Versions
 
In my case, I have been able to install Cacti on a Solaris host
using the software versions listed below. It does not mean you
should use those versions. Version numbers are provided as a
reference.
 
- Solaris 9 Update 7 for SPARC
- Solaris 9 Recommended Patch Cluster (2004-NOV-10)
- Sunfreeware.com packages:
    autoconf-2.59
    automake-1.9
    bash-3.0
    bison-1.875d
    flex-2.5.31
    gcc-3.4.2
    libiconv-1.8
    libtool-1.5
    make-3.80
    sed-4.1.1
- Perl 5.8.5
- RRDtool 1.0.49
- Apache 2.0.52
- MySQL 4.1.7
- libxml2 2.6.16
- zlib 1.2.1
- PHP 5.0.2
- NET-SNMP 5.1.2
- Cacti 0.8.6b
 
 
2. INSTALL SOLARIS
 
- Install Solaris following the instructions in http://docs.sun.com/
- Install the lastest recommended patch cluster from
  http://sunsolve.sun.com/
 
Notes:
 
- Install at least Solaris 8, because Solaris 7 end of support date
  is approaching (2005-AUG-15). Check:
 
  http://sunsolve.sun.com/search/document.do?assetkey=1-9-10012-1
 
- I suppose Cacti should work fine on Solaris x86 as well.
 
- I have installed the "Developer System Support" configuration
  (64-bit)
 
 
3. INSTALL SUNFREEWARE PACKAGES
 
Solaris does not provide a C compiler, so it is necessary to install
some development tools. I recommend to install at least the
following packages from http://www.sunfreeware.com/. Be sure to pick
the packages that have been compiled for your OS version and
architecture.
 
    autoconf-2.59
    automake-1.9
    bash-3.0
    bison-1.875d
    flex-2.5.31
    gcc-3.4.2
    libiconv-1.8
    libtool-1.5
    make-3.80
    sed-4.1.1
 
 
4. CACTI USER ACCOUNT
 
It is highly recommended to run any application with a non-root
user, so create a specific group and user for Cacti. For example:
 
  # mkdir /export/home
  # groupadd -g 100 cacti
  # useradd -u 100 -g cacti -s /usr/bin/bash \
  > -d /export/home/cacti -m cacti
  # passwd cacti
 
From here, a command entered by root will have the "#" prompt, and
if the user is cacti, the shell prompt will be "$".
 
Before start compiling, it is extremely important to have both PATH
and LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables properly set. This is my
.bash_profile:
 
PATH=/opt/perl/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/ccs/bin
PATH=$PATH:/opt/php/bin:/opt/mysql/bin:/opt/rrdtool/bin
PATH=$PATH:/opt/net-snmp/bin
 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/libxml2/lib:/usr/lib:/etc/lib:/opt/zlib/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib/sparcv9
 
MANPATH=/usr/man:/usr/local/man:/opt/rrdtool/man:/opt/net-snmp/man
 
PS1="`/usr/ucb/whoami`@"`hostname`"$ "
PS2="`/usr/ucb/whoami`@"`hostname`"> "
 
export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH MANPATH
export PS1 PS2
 
 
5. INSTALL PERL (5.8.5)
 
Solaris provides a version of Perl (/usr/bin/perl), but I prefer to
install mine. In my case, I have compiled 5.8.5 from
http://perl.org/ and installed it on /opt/perl:
 
  $ rm -f config.sh Policy.sh
  $ sh Configure -Dprefix=/opt/perl -des
  $ make
  $ make test
  # make install
 
 
6. INSTALL RRDTOOL (1.0.49)
 
Download RRDtool from
http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/rrdtool/ and:
 
  $ sh configure --prefix=/opt/rrdtool
  $ make
  # make install
 
7. INSTALL APACHE (2.0.52)
 
Download Apache from http://www.apache.org/ and:
 
  $ configure --prefix=/opt/apache --enable-so
  $ make
  # make install
 
(Optional) I have edited my /opt/apache/conf/httpd.conf so:
 
  User cacti
  Group cacti
 
  ServerName 'hostname'
 
  ServerRoot /opt/cacti/cacti-0.8.6b
 
Notes:
 
- 'hostname' can be the real hostname.
- /opt/cacti/cacti-0.8.6b is the path where Cacti is going to be
  installed.
 
 
8. INSTALL MYSQL (4.1.7)
 
First of all, you need to create a group and a user for MySQL:
 
  # groupadd -g 101 mysql
  # useradd -u 101 -g mysql -s /usr/bin/bash -d \
  > /export/home/mysql -m mysql
  # passwd mysql
 
Download MySQL from http://www.mysql.com/ and:
 
  $ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mysql
  $ make
  # make install
  # cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
  # cd /opt/mysql
  # bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
  # chown -R root  .
  # chown -R mysql var
  # chgrp -R mysql .
 
Start MySQL:
 
  # bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
 
Set a password for the root user:
 
  $ mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
  $ mysqladmin -u root -h 'hostname' password 'new-password'
 
Note:
 
- If you 'make clean', be careful because there is a bug in MySQL.
  'make clean' does not remove the file sql/lex_hash.h and it
  should be removed by hand.
 
 
9. INSTALL LIBXML2 (2.6.16)
 
PHP 5 requires a recent version of libxml2. The version that comes
with Solaris 9 is too old. Download it from http://xmlsoft.org/ and:
 
  $ ./configure --prefix=/opt/libxml2
  $ make
  # make install
 
 
10. INSTALL ZLIB (1.2.1)
 
zlib is also required by PHP 5. Download it from
http://www.gzip.org/zlib/ and:
 
  $ ./configure --prefix=/opt/zlib
  $ make
  # make install
 
 
11. INSTALL PHP (5.0.2)
 
I have not been able to compile PHP 5 with SNMP support, it is in my
'to do' list. If you do not have PHP support activated Cacti will use
NET-SNMP instead.
 
Download PHP from http://www.php.net/ and:
 
  $ ./configure --with-apxs2=/opt/apache/bin/apxs \
  > --with-mysql=/opt/mysql --prefix=/opt/php \
  > --with-libxml-dir=/opt/libxml2 --with-zlib=/opt/zlib
  $ make
  # make install
 
You have to add several lines to your Apache configuration file
(/opt/apache/conf/httpd.conf):
 
  AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
  DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.php
 
Be sure PHP installation have added:
 
  LoadModule php5_module        modules/libphp5.so
 
And add index.php to the DirectoryIndex directive:
 
  DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
 
Now restart Apache:
 
  # ./apachectl stop
  # ./apachectl start
 
In the Apache error_log file you should see a message saying
"PHP/5.0.2 configured".
 
 
12. INSTALL NET-SNMP (5.1.2)
 
Stop Solaris SNMP daemons:
 
  # cd /etc/rc3.d
  # ./S76snmpdx stop
  # ./S77dmi stop
  # mv S76snmpdx _S76snmpdx
  # mv S77dmi _S77dmi
 
Note:
 
- You could have more Solaris SNMP daemons running. Please check
  NET-SNMP documentation.
 
Download NET-SNMP from http://www.net-snmp.org/ and:
 
  $ ./configure --prefix=/opt/net-snmp \
  > --with-default-snmp-version=3 \
  > --with-sys-contact=someone@domain.com \
  > --with-sys-location=somelocation \
  > --with-logfile=/opt/net-snmp/log/snmpd.log \
  > --with-persistent-directory=/opt/net-snmp/var
  $ make
  $ make test
  # make install
  # cd /opt/net-snmp
  # mkdir var
  # mkdir log
  # ./snmpconf -g basic_setup
 
Answer to all question asked. Then start NET-SNMP:
 
  # /opt/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd -c /opt/net-snmp/bin/snmpd.conf
 
And check NET-SNMP agent is working fine:
 
  $ /opt/net-snmp/bin/snmpget -v 1 -c community \
  > localhost sysUpTime.0
 
 
13. INSTALL CACTI (0.8.6b)
 
Once you have installed all the required components you can follow
chapter 2 of Cacti documentation (Installing Under Unix).
 
Note:
 
- If you try to execute 'php poller.php' directly in the crontab is
  not going to work because php can not find all the dynamic
  libraries needed. The simplest solution is to have in the crontab:
 
0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * /opt/cacti/poller_cron
 
being 'poller_cron' the following script:
 
  . /export/home/cacti/.bash_profile
  /opt/php/bin/php /opt/cacti/cacti-0.8.6b/poller.php
 
Note:
 
- Notice the space between the dot and the .bash_profile path.